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The Soomra dynasty () was a late medieval dynasty of ruled by the of , and at times adjacent regions, located in what is now .


Sources
The only extant source is the Diwan-i Farruhi, a Persian chronicle by Abul-Hasan Ali describing Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion (1025 AD) of Mansura, the erstwhile capital of Sindh. Contemporary coinage from Sindh is scarce and of poor quality with offset flans — while some of them can be read to contain the name of Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah and Al-Mustansir Billah, the Fatimid Caliphs from 1021 until 1094, then, they lack in the name of the issuer and cannot evidence the dynasty.
(2025). 9788193829103, IIRNS Publications.


History

Establishment
The early history of Soomras is unclear. Ali describes the flight and eventual death by drowning of Hafif (var. Khafif), then-ruler of Sindh, during the faceoff with Mahmud but does not specify whether he was the last Habbarid or first Soomra. Later chroniclers like Ali ibn al-Athir (c. late 12th c.) and (c. late 14th c.) attributed the fall of Habbarids to Mahmud of Ghazni, lending credence to the argument of Hafif being the last Habbarid. The Soomras appear to have established themselves as a regional power in this vacuum.
(2025). 9780195475036, Oxford University Press.
(2025). 9780195475036, Oxford University Press.

The Soomras themselves also claimed an origin.

(2025). 9780391041738, BRILL. .

They have been retrospectively claimed to be Parmar Rajputs.

(2025). 9789693520200, Sang-e Meel Publications. .
In (16th century) the Sumra dynesty is mentioned as of A leneage. Some of them were adherents of Isma'ilism — Arab travelers held them to be , and correspondence with the Fatimid caliph, Al-Mustansir Billah has been located.


Territory
The and continued to rule parts of Sindh, across the eleventh and early twelfth century, alongside Soomras. The precise delineations have yet to be discovered, but the Soomras were probably centered in lower Sindh. One of their kings Shimuddin Chamisar had submitted to , the Sultan of Delhi, and was allowed to continue as a vassal.
(2019). 9781000007299, Taylor & Francis. .


List of Soomro rulers
+ !Name !Lifespan !Reign Start !Reign End
Khafif976-1026 (aged 49-50)10101026
998-1053 (aged 54-55)10261053
Bhungar I1023-1068 (aged 44-45)10531068
Dodo I1046-1092 (aged 45-46)10681092
1068-?10921098 (as Regent)
Sanghar1076-1107 (aged 30-31)10921107
Khafif II1087-1142 (aged 54-55)11071142
Umar I1095-1181 (aged 85-86)11421181
Dodo II1134-1195 (aged 60-61)11811195
Bhungar II1164-1226 (aged 61-62)11951226
Chanesar1193-1237 (aged 43-44)(1st reign) 12261228
Ganhwar1200-1241 (aged 40-41)(1st reign) 1228-1236
Chanesar1193-1371 (aged 43-44)(2nd reign) 12361237
Ganhwar1200-1241 (aged 40-41)(2nd reign) 12371241
Muhammad Tur1221-1256 (aged 34-35)12411256
Ganhwar II1238-1259 (aged 20-21)12561259
Dodo III1254-1273 (aged 19-20)12591273
Tai1268-1283 (aged 14-15)12731283
Chanesar II1270-1300 (aged 29-30)12831300
Bhungar III1291-1315 (aged 23-24)13001315
Khafif III1297-1333 (aged 35-36)13151333
Dodo IV1298-1336 (aged 37-38)13331336
Umar II1315-1337 (aged 21-22)13361337
Bhungar IV1319-1341 (aged 21-22)13371341
Hamir II1322-1351 (aged 28-29)13411351


Kingdom of Umarkot
+ !Name !Lifespan !Reign Start !Reign End
Umar III1340-1390 (aged 49-50)13511390
Bhungar V1358-1400 (aged 41-42)13901400
Hamir III1377-1440 (aged 62-63)14001440


See also


Notes
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